NUTRITION & METABOLIC HEALTH- RELATED RESEARCH LIBRARY
Metabolic Health & Chronic Disease Stats:
Meghan O’Hearn, Brianna N. Lauren, John B. Wong, David D. Kim, Dariush Mozaffarian,Trends and Disparities in Cardiometabolic Health Among U.S. Adults, 1999-2018, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Volume 80, Issue 2, 2022,Pages 138-151, ISSN 0735-1097,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.046-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109722049944.
Walton CM, Jacobsen SM, Dallon BW, Saito ER, Bennett SLH, Davidson LE, Thomson DM, Hyldahl RD, Bikman BT. Ketones Elicit Distinct Alterations in Adipose Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 29;21(17):6255. doi: 10.3390/ijms21176255. PMID: 32872407; PMCID: PMC7503338.
Garr Barry V, Stewart M, Soleymani T, Desmond RA, Goss AM, Gower BA. Greater Loss of Central Adiposity from Low-Carbohydrate versus Low-Fat Diet in Middle-Aged Adults with Overweight and Obesity. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 31;13(2):475. doi: 10.3390/nu13020475. PMID: 33572489; PMCID: PMC7911139.
Gershuni VM, Yan SL, Medici V. Nutritional Ketosis for Weight Management and Reversal of Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Nutr Rep. 2018 Sep;7(3):97-106. doi: 10.1007/s13668-018-0235-0. PMID: 30128963; PMCID: PMC6472268
Gower BA, Goss AM. A lower-carbohydrate, higher-fat diet reduces abdominal and intermuscular fat and increases insulin sensitivity in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes. J Nutr. 2015 Jan;145(1):177S-83S. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.195065. Epub 2014 Dec 3. PMID: 25527677; PMCID: PMC4264021.
He M, Wang J, Liang Q, Li M, Guo H, Wang Y, Deji C, Sui J, Wang YW, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Qian B, Chen H, Ma M, Su S, Geng H, Zhou WX, Guo X, Zhu WZ, Zhang M, Chen Z, Rensen PCN, Hui CC, Wang Y, Shi B. Time-restricted eating with or without low-carbohydrate diet reduces visceral fat and improves metabolic syndrome: A randomized trial. Cell Rep Med. 2022 Oct 18;3(10):100777. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100777. Epub 2022 Oct 10. PMID: 36220069; PMCID: PMC9589024.
Leite JO, DeOgburn R, Ratliff JC, Su R, Volek JS, McGrane MM, Dardik A, Fernandez ML. Low-carbohydrate diet disrupts the association between insulin resistance and weight gain. Metabolism. 2009 Aug;58(8):1116-22. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.004. Epub 2009 Jun 18. PMID: 19439329.
Lewis SB, Wallin JD, Kane JP, Gerich JE. Effect of diet composition on metabolic adaptations to hypocaloric nutrition: comparison of high carbohydrate and high fat isocaloric diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 1977 Feb;30(2):160-70. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/30.2.160. PMID: 835502.
Ludwig DS. The Ketogenic Diet: Evidence for Optimism but High-Quality Research Needed. J Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;150(6):1354-1359. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz308. PMID: 31825066; PMCID: PMC7269727.
Ludwig DS, Ebbeling CB, Bikman BT, Johnson JD. Testing the carbohydrate-insulin model in mice: The importance of distinguishing primary hyperinsulinemia from insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Mol Metab. 2020 May;35:100960. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.02.003. Epub 2020 Feb 12. PMID: 32199816; PMCID: PMC7191247.
Lustig RH. Ultraprocessed Food: Addictive, Toxic, and Ready for Regulation. Nutrients. 2020; 12(11):3401. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113401
Moreno-Sepúlveda J, Capponi M. Dieta baja en carbohidratos y dieta cetogénica: impacto en enfermedades metabólicas y reproductivas [The impact on metabolic and reproductive diseases of low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets]. Rev Med Chil. 2020 Nov;148(11):1630-1639. Spanish. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872020001101630. PMID: 33844769.
Shai I, Schwarzfuchs D, Henkin Y, Shahar DR, Witkow S, Greenberg I, Golan R, Fraser D, Bolotin A, Vardi H, Tangi-Rozental O, Zuk-Ramot R, Sarusi B, Brickner D, Schwartz Z, Sheiner E, Marko R, Katorza E, Thiery J, Fiedler GM, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Stampfer MJ; Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) Group. Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jul 17;359(3):229-41. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0708681. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 31;361(27):2681. PMID: 18635428.
Eric C Westman,; Justin Tondt,; Jacqueline Eberstein,; William S Yancy Jr, Use of a Low-carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet to Treat Obesity Primary Care Reports ; Atlanta Vol. 24, Iss. 10, (Oct 2018).
Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Love DM, Avery NG, Gómez AL, Scheett TP, Kraemer WJ. Body composition and hormonal responses to a carbohydrate-restricted diet. Metabolism. 2002 Jul;51(7):864-70. doi: 10.1053/meta.2002.32037. PMID: 12077732.
Austin, G.L., Thiny, M.T., Westman, E.C., Yancy. Jr. W.S., Shaheen, N.J. A very low carbohydrate diet improves gastroesophageal reflux and its symptoms: A pilot study. Dig Dis Sci 2006;51, 1307-1312.
Boden G, Sargrad K, Homko C, Mozzoli M, Stein TP. Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite,
blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med
2005;142(6):403-11.
Brehm, B.J., Seeley, R.J., Daniels, S.R., and D’Alessio, D.A. A randomized trial comparing a very low
carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors
in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88, 1617-23.
Brinkworth, G.D., Noakes, M., Buckley, J.D., Keogh, J.B., and Clifton, P.M. Long-term effects of a
very-low-carbohydrate weight loss diet compared with an isocaloric low-fat diet after 12 mo. Am J
Oddone, E.Z. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet vs orlistat plus a low-fat diet for weight
loss. Arch Intern Med 2010;170, 136-145.
Yudkin, J. The causes and cure of obesity. The Lancet 1959;274, 1135-1138.
Appetite:
Boden G, Sargrad K, Homko C, Mozzoli M, Stein TP. Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 15;142(6):403-11. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-142-6-200503150-00006. PMID: 15767618.
Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E, Purcell K, Shulkes A, Kriketos A, Proietto J. Ketosis and appetite-mediating nutrients and hormones after weight loss. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jul;67(7):759-64. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.90. Epub 2013 May 1. PMID: 23632752.
Autoimmune Conditions:
Nicole Bregenzer, MD, Alexander Hartmann, MD, Ulrike Strauch, MD, Jürgen Schölmerich, MD, Tilo Andus, MD, Cornelius L Bollheimer, MD, Increased Insulin Resistance and β Cell Activity in Patients With Crohn's Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Volume 12, Issue 1, 1 January 2006, Pages 53–56, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MIB.0000195975.97673.f5.
Ciaffi J, Mitselman D, Mancarella L, Brusi V, Lisi L, Ruscitti P, Cipriani P, Meliconi R, Giacomelli R, Borghi C, Ursini F. The Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Inflammatory Arthritis and Cardiovascular Health in Rheumatic Conditions: A Mini Review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Dec 14;8:792846. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.792846. PMID: 34970568; PMCID: PMC8712653.
Cardiovascular health:
Armstrong C. JNC 8 Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in Adults. Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(7):503-504.
Atawia RT, Bunch KL, Toque HA, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Mechanisms of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunctions. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2019 Mar 1;24(5):890-934. doi: 10.2741/4758. PMID: 30844720; PMCID: PMC6689231.
Kolanowski J. Influence of insulin and glucagon on sodium balance in obese subjects during fasting and refeeding. Int J Obes. 1981;5 suppl 1:105-14. PMID: 6113218.
Kontush A. HDL and Reverse Remnant-Cholesterol Transport (RRT): Relevance to Cardiovascular Disease. Trends Mol Med. 2020 Dec;26(12):1086-1100. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.005. Epub 2020 Aug 26. PMID: 32861590.
Lewis SB, Wallin JD, Kane JP, Gerich JE. Effect of diet composition on metabolic adaptations to hypocaloric nutrition: comparison of high carbohydrate and high fat isocaloric diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 1977 Feb;30(2):160-70. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/30.2.160. PMID: 835502.
Moreno-Sepúlveda J, Capponi M. Dieta baja en carbohidratos y dieta cetogénica: impacto en enfermedades metabólicas y reproductivas [The impact on metabolic and reproductive diseases of low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets]. Rev Med Chil. 2020 Nov;148(11):1630-1639. Spanish. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872020001101630. PMID: 33844769.
Paszkowiak JJ, Dardik A. Arterial wall shear stress: observations from the bench to the bedside. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2003;37(1):47-57.
Rapsomaniki E, Timmis A, George J, et al. Blood pressure and incidence of twelve cardiovascular diseases: lifetime risks, healthy life-years lost, and age-specific associations in 1.25 million people. Lancet. 2014;383(9932):1899-1911.
Dementia/Cognitive Health
Singh DD, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Han I, Choi EH, Yadav DK. Development of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance and Antidiabetic Drug Development. Cells. 2022 Nov 25;11(23):3767. doi: 10.3390/cells11233767. PMID: 36497027; PMCID: PMC9738282.
Rizzo MR, Fasano R, Paolisso G. Adiponectin and Cognitive Decline. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 16;21(6):2010. doi: 10.3390/ijms21062010. PMID: 32188008; PMCID: PMC7139651.
Querfurth H, Slitt A, DiCamillo A, Surles N, DeBoef B, Lee HK. A PDK-1 allosteric agonist improves spatial learning and memory in a βAPP/PS-1 transgenic mouse-high fat diet intervention model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res. 2023 Feb 13;438:114183. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114183. Epub 2022 Oct 29. PMID: 36404570.
Dermo Health:
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2015/479354
Diabetes:
Accurso, A., et al., Dietary carbohydrate restriction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic
syndrome: time for a critical appraisal. Nutrition & Metabolism, 2008. 5(1): p. 9.
Allen, F.M., et al., Total dietary regulation in the treatment of diabetes. 1919.
Allen, F.M., Prolonged fasting in diabetes. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1915a(30): p. 323-29.
Allen, F.M., Protein diets and undernutrition in treatment of diabetes. Journal of the American
Medical Association, 1920. 74(9): p. 571-577.
Allen, F.M., Studies concerning diabetes. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1914. 63(11):
p. 939-943.
Allen, F.M., The treatment of diabetes. Boston Med Surg J, 1915b(172): p. 241-247.
Bhanpuri, N.H., et al., Cardiovascular disease risk factor responses to a type 2 diabetes care model
including nutritional ketosis induced by sustained carbohydrate restriction at 1 year: an open label,
Boden, G., et al., Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin
resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Annals of internal medicine, 2005. 142(6): p. 403-
411.
Bueno, N.B., et al., Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a
meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Nutrition, 2013. 110(7): p. 1178-
1187.
Buse, J.B., et al., How do we define cure of diabetes? Diabetes care, 2009. 32(11): p. 2133-2135.
Crofts, C.A.P., et al., Hyperinsulinemia: A unifying theory of chronic disease? 2015, 2015. 1(4): p. 10.
Cucuzzella, M.T., Tondt, T., Dockter, N.E., Saslow, L., & Wood, T.R., A low-carbohydrate survey:
Evidence for sustainable metabolic syndrome reversal. J. insul. resist. 2(1).
Daly, M.E., et al., Short‐term effects of severe dietary carbohydrate‐restriction advice in Type 2
diabetes—a randomized controlled trial. Diabetic Medicine, 2006. 23(1): p. 15-20.
Davis, N.J., et al., Comparative Study of the Effects of a 1-Year Dietary Intervention of a Low-
Carbohydrate Diet Versus a Low-Fat Diet in Weight and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes.
Diabetes Care, 2009. 32: p. 1147-1152.
Despres, J.P., et al., Hyperinsulinemia as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease. N
Engl J Med, 1996. 334(15): p. 952-7.
Feinman, R.D., et al., Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management:
critical review and evidence base. Nutrition, 2015. 31(1): p. 1-13.
Feinman, R.D., et al., Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management:
critical review and evidence base. Nutrition, 2015. 31(1): p. 1-13.
Garber, A.J., et al., Consensus statement by the American association of clinical endocrinologists and
American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management
algorithm–2017 executive summary. Endocrine Practice, 2017. 23(2): p. 207-238.
Gibson, A.A., et al., Do ketogenic diets really suppress appetite? A systematic review and meta-
analysis. Obes Rev, 2015. 16(1): p. 64-76.
Goday, A., et al., Short-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet
interventional weight loss program versus hypocaloric diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Nutr Diabetes, 2016. 6(9): p. e230.
Guldbrand, H., et al., In type 2 diabetes, randomisation to advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet
transiently improves glycaemic control compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet producing a
similar weight loss. Diabetologia, 2012. 55(8): p. 2118-2127.
Hallberg, S.J., et al., Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Care Model for the Management of Type 2
Diabetes at One Year:An Open Label, Non-Randomized, Controlled Study. Diabetes Therapy, 2018.
Hashimoto, Y., et al., Impact of low-carbohydrate diet on body composition: meta-analysis of
randomized controlled studies. Obes Rev, 2016. 17(6): p. 499-509.
Hayami, T., et al., Case of ketoacidosis by a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in a diabetic
patient with a low-carbohydrate diet. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 2015. 6: p. 587-590.
Hession, M., et al., Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of low‐carbohydrate vs.
low‐fat/low‐calorie diets in the management of obesity and its comorbidities. Obesity reviews, 2009.
10(1): p. 36-50.
Johnstone, A.M., et al., Effects of a high-protein ketogenic diet on hunger, appetite, and weight loss
in obese men feeding ad libitum. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2008. 87(1): p. 44-55.
Joslin, E.P., A diabetic manual for the mutual use of doctor and patient. 1919: Lea & Febiger.
Joslin, E.P., Ideals in the treatment of diabetes and methods for their realization. New England
Journal of Medicine, 1928. 198(8): p. 379-382.
Karter, A.J., et al., Incidence of Remission in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes & Aging
Study. Diabetes Care, 2014. 37(12): p. 3188-95.
Khazrai, Y., G. Defeudis, and P. Pozzilli, Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review.
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2014. 30(S1): p. 24-33.
Mansoor, N., et al., Effects of low-carbohydrate diets v. low-fat diets on body weight and
cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr, 2016. 115(3):
p. 466-79.
Mayer, S.B., et al., Two diets with different haemoglobin A1c and antiglycaemic medication effects
despite similar weight loss in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2014. 16(1): p. 90-
93.
McGovern, A., et al., Comparison of medication adherence and persistence in type 2 diabetes: A
systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2017.
Naude, C., et al., Low carbohydrate versus isoenergetic balanced diets for reducing weight and
cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 20014. 9(7): p. e100652.
Newman, J.C. and E. Verdin, beta-hydroxybutyrate: much more than a metabolite. Diabetes Res Clin
Pract, 2014. 106(2): p. 173-81.
Newman, J.C. and E. Verdin, Ketone bodies as signaling metabolites. Trends in Endocrinology &
Metabolism, 2014. 25(1): p. 42-52.
Nielsen, J.V. and E.A. Joensson, Low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes: stable improvement of
bodyweight and glycemic control during 44 months follow-up. Nutrition & metabolism, 2008. 5(1):
p. 14.
Nordmann, A.J., et al., Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular
risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of internal medicine, 2006.
166(3): p. 285-293.
Nuttall, F.Q., R.M. Almokayyad, and M.C. Gannon, Comparison of a carbohydrate-free diet vs. fasting
on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon in type 2 diabetes. Metabolism, 2015. 64(2): p. 253-262.
O'Neill, D.F., E.C. Westman, and R.K. Bernstein, The effects of a low-carbohydrate regimen on
glycemic control and serum lipids in diabetes mellitus. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders,
2003. 1(4): p. 291-298.
Paoli, A., et al., Ketosis, ketogenic diet and food intake control: a complex relationship. Front
Psychol, 2015. 6: p. 27.
Sackner-Bernstein, J., D. Kanter, and S. Kaul, Dietary Intervention for Overweight and Obese Adults:
Comparison of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets. A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One, 2015. 10(10): p.
e0139817.
Santos, F., et al., Systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low
carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors. Obesity reviews, 2012. 13(11): p. 1048-1066.
Saslow, L.R., et al., A randomized pilot trial of a moderate carbohydrate diet compared to a very low
carbohydrate diet in overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes.
PloS one, 2014. 9(4): p. e91027.
Saslow, L.R., et al., An Online Intervention Comparing a Very Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet and
Lifestyle Recommendations Versus a Plate Method Diet in Overweight Individuals With Type 2
Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 2017. 19(2): p. e36.
Saslow, L.R., et al., Twelve-month outcomes of a randomized trial of a moderate-carbohydrate
versus very low-carbohydrate diet in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes.
Nutrition & Diabetes, 2017. 7(12).
Shai, I., et al., Dietary intervention to reverse carotid atherosclerosis. Circulation, 2010. 121(10): p.
1200-1208.
Tay, J., et al., Effects of an energy-restricted low-carbohydrate, high unsaturated fat/low saturated
fat diet versus a high carbohydrate, low fat diet in type 2 diabetes: a 2 year randomized clinical trial.
Diabetes Obes Metab, 2017.
Vernon, M.C., et al., Clinical experience of a carbohydrate-restricted diet: effect on diabetes
mellitus. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 2003. 1(3): p. 233-237.
Volek, J., et al., Dietary carbohydrate restriction induces a unique metabolic state positively affecting
atherogenic dyslipidemia, fatty acid partitioning, and metabolic syndrome. Progress in Lipid
Reseearch, 2008. 47: p. 307-18.
Volek, J.S. and R.D. Feinman, Carbohydrate restriction improves the features of Metabolic
Syndrome. Metabolic Syndrome may be defined by the response to carbohydrate restriction.
Nutrition & metabolism, 2005. 2(1): p. 31.
Westman, E.C., et al., The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index
diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition & metabolism, 2008. 5(1): p. 36.
Westman, E.C., W.S. Yancy, and M. Humphreys, Dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus in the pre-
insulin era (1914-1922). Perspectives in biology and medicine, 2006. 49(1): p. 77-83.
Yamada, Y., et al., A non-calorie-restricted low-carbohydrate diet is effective as an alternative
therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. Internal medicine, 2014. 53(1): p. 13-19.
Yancy, W.S., et al., A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes. Nutrition &
metabolism, 2005. 2(1): p. 34.
Zinn, C., A. Rush, and R. Johnson, Assessing the nutrient intake of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat
(LCHF) diet: a hypothetical case study design. BMJ Open, 2018. 8: p. e018846.
Atawia RT, Bunch KL, Toque HA, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Mechanisms of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunctions. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2019 Mar 1;24(5):890-934. doi: 10.2741/4758. PMID: 30844720; PMCID: PMC6689231.Eye Health:
Cahill, G. F., Jr. (2006) Fuel metabolism in starvation. Annual review of nutrition. 26, 1-22.
Cienfuegos S, McStay M, Gabel K, Varady KA. Time restricted eating for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. J Physiol. 2022 Mar;600(5):1253-1264. doi: 10.1113/JP281101. Epub 2021 Sep 8. PMID: 34418079.
Ekblad, L. L., Rinne, J. O., Puukka, P., Laine, H., Ahtiluoto, S., Sulkava, R., Viitanen, M. and Jula, A. (2017) Insulin Resistance Predicts Cognitive Decline: An 11-Year Follow-up of a Nationally Representative Adult Population Sample. Diabetes care. 40, 751-758.
Gershuni VM, Yan SL, Medici V. Nutritional Ketosis for Weight Management and Reversal of Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Nutr Rep. 2018 Sep;7(3):97-106. doi: 10.1007/s13668-018-0235-0. PMID: 30128963; PMCID: PMC6472268.
Griauzde DH, O'Brien A, Yancy WS Jr, Richardson CR, Krinock J, DeJonckheere M, Isaman DJM, Vanias K, Shopinski S, Saslow LR. Testing a very low-carbohydrate adaption of the Diabetes Prevention Program among adults with prediabetes: study protocol for the Lifestyle Education about prediabetes (LEAP) trial. Trials. 2022 Sep 30;23(1):827. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06770-3. PMID: 36176003; PMCID: PMC9524018.
Moreno-Sepúlveda J, Capponi M. Dieta baja en carbohidratos y dieta cetogénica: impacto en enfermedades metabólicas y reproductivas [The impact on metabolic and reproductive diseases of low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets]. Rev Med Chil. 2020 Nov;148(11):1630-1639. Spanish. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872020001101630. PMID: 33844769.
Shanik, M. H., Xu, Y., Skrha, J., Dankner, R., Zick, Y. and Roth, J. (2008) Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia: is hyperinsulinemia the cart or the horse? Diabetes care. 31 Suppl 2, S262-268
Smith, M., Tippetts, T., Anderson, M., Holub, Z., Saito, R., Swensen, A., Prince, J. and Bikman, B. T. (2014) Insulin Increases Skeletal Muscle Ceramide Biosynthesis. Diabetes. 63, A443-A443
Spinelli, M., Fusco, S. and Grassi, C. (2019) Brain Insulin Resistance and Hippocampal Plasticity: Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline. Front Neurosci-Switz. 13.
Baptiste, C. G., Battista, M. C., Trottier, A. and Baillargeon, J. P. (2010) Insulin and hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 122, 42-52.
Walton, C. M., Perry, K., Hart, R. H., Berry, S. L. and Bikman, B. T. (2019) Improvement in Glycemic and Lipid Profiles in Type 2 Diabetics with a 90-Day Ketogenic Diet. J Diabetes Res. 2019, 8681959
Mohammad Yassin, Zuzanna Sadowska, Katerina Tritsaris, Hannelouise Kissow, Camilla H F Hansen, Julie L Forman, Gerhard Rogler, Jesper T Troelsen, Anders E Pedersen, Jørgen Olsen. Rectal insulin instillation inhibits inflammation and tumor development in chemically-induced colitis. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, 2018; DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy112(own insulin not working because of resistance? Now need to inject it directly in rectum?)
Gut Health:
Olson CA, Vuong HE, Yano JM, Liang QY, Nusbaum DJ, Hsiao EY. The Gut Microbiota Mediates the Anti-Seizure Effects of the Ketogenic Diet. Cell. 2018 Jun 14;173(7):1728-1741.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.027. Epub 2018 May 24. Erratum in: Cell. 2018 Jul 12;174(2):497. PMID: 29804833; PMCID: PMC6003870.
Fatty Liver:
Drożdż K, Nabrdalik K, Hajzler W, Kwiendacz H, Gumprecht J, Lip GYH. Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease: Associations with Fructose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 27;14(1):103. doi: 10.3390/nu14010103. PMID: 35010976; PMCID: PMC8746577.
Jensen T, Abdelmalek MF, Sullivan S, Nadeau KJ, Green M, Roncal C, Nakagawa T, Kuwabara M, Sato Y, Kang DH, Tolan DR, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Rosen HR, Lanaspa MA, Diehl AM, Johnson RJ. Fructose and sugar: A major mediator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2018 May;68(5):1063-1075. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.019. Epub 2018 Feb 2. PMID: 29408694; PMCID: PMC5893377.
Softic S, Cohen DE, Kahn CR. Role of Dietary Fructose and Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis in Fatty Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2016 May;61(5):1282-93. doi: 10.1007/s10620-016-4054-0. Epub 2016 Feb 8. PMID: 26856717; PMCID: PMC4838515.
Ter Horst KW, Serlie MJ. Fructose Consumption, Lipogenesis, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients. 2017 Sep 6;9(9):981. doi: 10.3390/nu9090981. PMID: 28878197; PMCID: PMC5622741.
Intermittent Fasting:
Aksungar FB, Sarıkaya M, Coskun A, Serteser M, Unsal I. Comparison of Intermittent Fasting Versus Caloric Restriction in Obese Subjects: A Two Year Follow-Up. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(6):681-685. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0786-y. PMID: 28537332.
Cienfuegos S, McStay M, Gabel K, Varady KA. Time restricted eating for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. J Physiol. 2022 Mar;600(5):1253-1264. doi: 10.1113/JP281101. Epub 2021 Sep 8. PMID: 34418079.
Mattson MP, Longo VD, Harvie M. Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes. Ageing Res Rev. 2017 Oct;39:46-58. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.005. Epub 2016 Oct 31. PMID: 27810402; PMCID: PMC5411330.
Mitochondrial Health/Performance:
Bikman BT, Fisher-Wellman KH. The Metabolic Effects of Ketones. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Aug 2;22(15):8292. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158292. PMID: 34361057; PMCID: PMC8348615.
LaFountain RA, Miller VJ, Barnhart EC, Hyde PN, Crabtree CD, McSwiney FT, Beeler MK, Buga A, Sapper TN, Short JA, Bowling ML, Kraemer WJ, Simonetti OP, Maresh CM, Volek JS. Extended Ketogenic Diet and Physical Training Intervention in Military Personnel. Mil Med. 2019 Oct 1;184(9-10):e538-e547. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usz046. PMID: 30877806.
Miller VJ, LaFountain RA, Barnhart E, Sapper TS, Short J, Arnold WD, Hyde PN, Crabtree CD, Kackley ML, Kraemer WJ, Villamena FA, Volek JS. A ketogenic diet combined with exercise alters mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle while improving metabolic health. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Dec 1;319(6):E995-E1007. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00305.2020. Epub 2020 Sep 28. PMID: 32985255.
Parker BA, Walton CM, Carr ST, Andrus JL, Cheung ECK, Duplisea MJ, Wilson EK, Draney C, Lathen DR, Kenner KB, Thomson DM, Tessem JS, Bikman BT. β-Hydroxybutyrate Elicits Favorable Mitochondrial Changes in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Aug 1;19(8):2247. doi: 10.3390/ijms19082247. PMID: 30071599; PMCID: PMC6121962.
Neural Health (Nervous System):
Cooper MA, Menta BW, Perez-Sanchez C, Jack MM, Khan ZW, Ryals JM, Winter M, Wright DE. A ketogenic diet reduces metabolic syndrome-induced allodynia and promotes peripheral nerve growth in mice. Exp Neurol. 2018 Aug;306:149-157. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.05.011. Epub 2018 May 17. PMID: 29763602; PMCID: PMC5994385.
Jensen NJ, Wodschow HZ, Nilsson M, Rungby J. Effects of Ketone Bodies on Brain Metabolism and Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 20;21(22):8767. doi: 10.3390/ijms21228767. PMID: 33233502; PMCID: PMC7699472.
Li RJ, Liu Y, Liu HQ, Li J. Ketogenic diets and protective mechanisms in epilepsy, metabolic disorders, cancer, neuronal loss, and muscle and nerve degeneration. J Food Biochem. 2020 Mar;44(3):e13140. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13140. Epub 2020 Jan 14. PMID: 31943235.
McDonald TJW, Cervenka MC. Ketogenic Diet Therapies for Seizures and Status Epilepticus. Semin Neurol. 2020 Dec;40(6):719-729. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1719077. Epub 2020 Nov 5. PMID: 33155184; PMCID: PMC7883219.
Olson CA, Vuong HE, Yano JM, Liang QY, Nusbaum DJ, Hsiao EY. The Gut Microbiota Mediates the Anti-Seizure Effects of the Ketogenic Diet. Cell. 2018 Jun 14;173(7):1728-1741.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.027. Epub 2018 May 24. Erratum in: Cell. 2018 Jul 12;174(2):497. PMID: 29804833; PMCID: PMC6003870.
Women’s Health:
Layacha SY, Biswas DA. Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review of Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes. Cureus. 2023 Jan 5;15(1):e33390. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33390. PMID: 36751233; PMCID: PMC9897680.
Macut D, Bjekić-Macut J, Rahelić D, Doknić M. Insulin and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017 Aug;130:163-170. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.06.011. Epub 2017 Jun 12. PMID: 28646699.
Paoli A, Mancin L, Giacona MC, Bianco A, Caprio M. Effects of a ketogenic diet in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Transl Med. 2020 Feb 27;18(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02277-0. PMID: 32103756; PMCID: PMC7045520.
Bermingham KM, Linenberg I, Hall WL, Kadé K, Franks PW, Davies R, Wolf J, Hadjigeorgiou G, Asnicar F, Segata N, Manson JE, Newson LR, Delahanty LM, Ordovas JM, Chan AT, Spector TD, Valdes AM, Berry SE. Menopause is associated with postprandial metabolism, metabolic health and lifestyle: The ZOE PREDICT study. EBioMedicine. 2022 Nov;85:104303. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104303. Epub 2022 Oct 18. PMID: 36270905; PMCID: PMC9669773.
Giallauria F, Orio F, Palomba S, Lombardi G, Colao A, Vigorito C. Cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2008 Oct;9(10):987-92. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0b013e32830b58d4. PMID: 18799960.
Mejia JF, Hirschi KM, Tsai KYF, Long MG, Tullis BC, Bitter EEK, Bikman BT, Reynolds PR, Arroyo JA. Differential placental ceramide levels during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2019 Oct 23;17(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s12958-019-0523-6. PMID: 31647034; PMCID: PMC6813062.
Moreno-Sepúlveda J, Capponi M. Dieta baja en carbohidratos y dieta cetogénica: impacto en enfermedades metabólicas y reproductivas [The impact on metabolic and reproductive diseases of low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets]. Rev Med Chil. 2020 Nov;148(11):1630-1639. Spanish. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872020001101630. PMID: 33844769.
Men’s Health:
Weinberg AE, Eisenberg M, Patel CJ, Chertow GM, Leppert JT. Diabetes severity, metabolic syndrome, and the risk of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2013 Dec;10(12):3102-9. doi: 10.1111/jsm.12318. Epub 2013 Sep 9. PMID: 24010555; PMCID: PMC3891923.
Leisegang K, Sengupta P, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Obesity and male infertility: Mechanisms and management. Andrologia. 2021 Feb;53(1):e13617. doi: 10.1111/and.13617. Epub 2020 May 12. PMID: 32399992.
Yilmaz M, Karaaslan M, Tonyali S, Celik M, Toprak T, Odabas O. Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG) is associated with erectile dysfunction: A cross-sectional study. Andrology. 2021 Jan;9(1):238-244. doi: 10.1111/andr.12904. Epub 2020 Oct 19. PMID: 32936988.
Hermans MP, Ahn SA, Rousseau MF. Erectile dysfunction, microangiopathy and UKPDS risk in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2009 Dec;35(6):484-9. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2009.06.003. PMID: 19897395.
Biome/probiotic research:
Wang Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Mei X, Yu D, Wang Y, Li W. Antioxidant Properties of Probiotic Bacteria. Nutrients. 2017 May 19;9(5):521. doi: 10.3390/nu9050521. PMID: 28534820; PMCID: PMC5452251.
Poorly Done Research/major issues:
Henry RR, Wiest-Kent TA, Scheaffer L, Kolterman OG, Olefsky JM. Metabolic consequences of very-low-calorie diet therapy in obese non-insulin-dependent diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes. 1986 Feb;35(2):155-64. doi: 10.2337/diab.35.2.155. PMID: 3510922.
Johnston CS, Tjonn SL, Swan PD, White A, Hutchins H, Sears B. Ketogenic low-carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1055-61. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1055. PMID: 16685046.
Meckling KA, O'Sullivan C, Saari D. Comparison of a low-fat diet to a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss, body composition, and risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease in free-living, overweight men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2717-23. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031606. PMID: 15181047.
Valsesia A, Chakrabarti A, Hager J, Langin D, Saris WHM, Astrup A, Blaak EE, Viguerie N, Masoodi M. Integrative phenotyping of glycemic responders upon clinical weight loss using multi-omics. Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 8;10(1):9236. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65936-8. PMID: 32514005; PMCID: PMC7280519. +conflicts of interests noted.
Don’t Blame the Diet, Blame the Toxin…
Spoke C, Malaeb S. A Case of Hypoglycemia Associated With the Ketogenic Diet and Alcohol Use. J Endocr Soc. 2020 Apr 18;4(6):bvaa045. doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa045. PMID: 32537539; PMCID: PMC7278276.
